Turning 65? Learn how to enroll in Medicare. This complete guide covers eligibility, enrollment periods, plan types, and how to sign up online, by phone, or in person.
Here’s a step-by-step, detailed guide on how to sign up for Medicare in the U.S.—including eligibility, enrollment periods, plan types, and how to apply online or offline. Whether you're turning 65 soon or qualifying through a disability, this guide walks you through everything you need to know.Who is Eligible for Medicare?
You are eligible to sign up for Medicare if:
You are 65 or older, and either a U.S. citizen or permanent legal resident for at least 5 years You are under 65 and have a qualifying disability (after 24 months on Social Security Disability Insurance) You have End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) or ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease)When Can You Sign Up?
1. Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)
- Starts 3 months before your 65th birthday
- Ends 3 months after the month you turn 65 (7 months total)
Best time to enroll! You’ll avoid late penalties if you sign up during this period.
2. General Enrollment Period (GEP)
- January 1 to March 31 each year
- Coverage starts July 1
- For those who missed their IEP
Note: You may face late penalties.
3. Special Enrollment Period (SEP)
- For people who delayed Medicare because they had employer coverage or another qualifying reason
- Typically lasts 8 months from when employment or coverage ends
No late penalties if you qualify.
What Are the Medicare Parts?
| Part | Covers | Cost (2025 est.) |
|---|---|---|
| A | Hospital care, skilled nursing, hospice | Usually free if you worked 10+ years |
| B | Doctor visits, outpatient care | ~$174.70/month |
| C | Medicare Advantage (private all-in-one) | Varies by plan/location |
| D | Prescription drug coverage | Varies by plan (~$10–$60/month) |
️ How to Sign Up for Medicare
Option 1: Apply Online (Fastest & Easiest)
- Go to: www.ssa.gov/medicare
- Click “Sign Up for Medicare”
- You’ll need:
- Your Social Security Number
- Current health insurance info (if any)
- Proof of U.S. citizenship or legal residency
Takes about 10–15 minutes to apply
Option 2: Apply by Phone
- Call Social Security at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY: 1-800-325-0778)
- Hours: Mon–Fri, 8am to 7pm local time
- A representative will help guide you through enrollment
Option 3: Apply In Person
- Schedule an appointment at your local Social Security office
- Bring your ID and relevant documents
Find an office: secure.ssa.gov/officeLocator
Tips Before You Enroll
- Sign up early to avoid coverage gaps and penalties
- Consider whether you need Part D or a Medigap (supplemental) plan
- Compare Medicare Advantage vs. Original Medicare if you want all-in-one coverage
- Use the Medicare Plan Finder to compare costs and benefits near you.
Last edited: